KOILONYCHIA
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| Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails) |
-Definition of koilonychia*: Loss of longitudinal and lateral convexity of the nail, with thinning and fraying of the distal portions.
Conditions associated with koilonychia:
1.Normal variant
2.Soft nails with occupational damage
3.Iron deficiency anemia
4.Hemochromatosis
5.Raynaud’s syndrome
6.Psoriasis (Koilonychia with subungual keratosis)
Mechanism of koilonychia in Iron Deficiency Anemia:
Koilonychia occurs in 5.4% of the patients with iron deficiency. It is thought to occur due to the upward deformation of lateral and distal portions of pliable iron deficient nail plates under mechanical pressure. Nail matrix changes due to blood flow abnormalities was also proposed as a pathomechanism.
Clinical test to detect koilonychia:
In mild cases, the water test may enable a drop of water to be retained on the nail plate.https://youtu.be/O2kGHPekYe0
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